Tool marks from period pieces

A lot of what I learned about 17th-century tool kits and work habits comes from the surviving furniture. The picture above, the back of a chest from Long Island, clearly shows that the stock was split from a log and hewn with an axe/hatchet (complete with a nick in its cutting edge) - these surfaces might have barely seen a plane. I haven’t seen many examples this extreme. Nor have I ever made one that “rough.” Just as I was sorting photos for this post I noticed the layout lines for mortising the stiles - struck across the rear face with an awl but not a square. You can see these lines above the bottom rail and below the top rail on the right-hand side of the photo. No such lines define the muntin’s mortises in the long rails. Maybe on the inside.